Kangaroo Mother Care and the Bonding Hypothesis
PEDIATRICS Vol. 102 No. 2 August 1998, p. e17
Réjean Tessier*, Marta Cristo, Stella Velez, Marta Girón, SW; Zita Figueroa de Calume, Juan G. Ruiz-Paláez, Yves Charpak, and Nathalie Charpak
From the *School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec, Canada; ISS-World Lab, Kangaroo Mother Care Program, Clinica del Nino, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia; - Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Javeriana University, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia; and EVAL (Institut pour l'Évaluation dans le domaine Médical, Médico-social et de Santé Publique), Paris, France.
TABLE 4
Mother’s Perception and Mother and Child’s Observed Sensitivity by Intervention Groups (KMC vs TC) and Delay From Starting Intervention
| Delay 1 (1-2 Days) | Delay 2 (3-14 Days) | Delay 3 (> 14 Days) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KMC (n = 100) | TC (n = 70) | KMC (n = 92) | TC (n = 85) | KMC (n = 50) | TC (n = 91) | ||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| Mothers’ perception | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | (e) | (f) | |
| Sense of competence | .26 ± .95 |  .15 ± .82 | .15 ± 1.0 | .10 ± 1.2 | .09 ± 1.2 | .12 ± .85 | ace > bdf**1 |
| Stress and worry | .06 ± 1.0 | .25 ± .77 | .12 ± .97 | .03 ± .97 | .05 ± 1.1 | .24 ± 1.3 | f > d > b*3f > e*3 |
| Social support | .10 ± 1.0 | .04 ± .93 | .03 ± .98 | .09 ± .93 | .15 ± 1.2 | .32 ± .77 | ace < bdf*1f > e*3 |
| Mothers’ sensitivity | |||||||
| Sensitivity | .73 ± .11 | .71 ± .13 | .72 ± .12 | .73 ± .13 | .75 ± .12 | .69 ± .15 | ace > bdf*1e > f*3 |
| Response to distress | .87 ± .16 | .90 ± .14 | .92 ± .13 | .91 ± .15 | .88 ± .15 | .87 ± .16 | cd > ab = ef*2 |
| Socioemotional growth fostering | .57 ± .16 | .56 ± .16 | .59 ± .15 | .61 ± .15 | .60 ± .15 | .55 ± .15 | |
| Cognitive fostering | .30 ± .20 | .28 ± .17 | .31 ± .19 | .35 ± .21 | .37 ± .20 | .30 ± .19 | e > f*3 |
| Child’s clarity of cues | .64 ± .15 | .63 ± .15 | .64 ± .14 | .62 ± .18 | .64 ± .13 | .64 ± .14 | |
| Child’s responsivity | .29 ± .14 | .31 ± .15 | .31 ± .12 | .29 ± .13 | .33 ± .12 | .28 ± .11 | |
| (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) Represent group means. | |||||||
| * P < .05; | |||||||
| ** P < .01; | |||||||
| *** P < .001; t < .10. 1 Group effect; 2 delay effect; 3 interaction effect. | |||||||
Pediatrics (ISSN 0031 4005). © 1998 by the American Academy of Pediatrics